Francois bernier biography death

Toggle the table of contents. For instance, he classifies Indians that he is exposed to during his stint in the Mughal courts as part of the 'white race'.

प्र.11 फ्रांस्वा बर्नियर कौन था?

References [ edit ]. As one of the members of the curious crowd, Bernier observed that though the assembled people seemed to have sympathy for the fallen prince, yet none of them had raised a voice in his favour. Tools Tools. As a perceptive observer Bernier noticed and recorded manners, customs, institutions, society and economy of various parts of India including Bengal.

Textiles [ edit ]. Notes [ edit ]. He observed that the pomp and grandeur of the Mughal Court was maintained at the expense of the general people. However I know that this ravishment and the way to enter it are the great mystery of the cabal of the Yogis, as it is of the Sufis. European medical training was highly esteemed amongst the Mughal and gave him access to all ranks of the court, even on medically required occasions to the Emperor's harem.

Travels in the mughal empire bernier pdf

He also suggested that the latter criterion might be relevant to distinguish sub-types. In one hall, embroiderers are busily employed, superintended by a master. In other projects. A candidate for becoming Bernier's "pandit" probably would have come from the circle around Hindu scholars such as Jagannatha Panditaraja , who still was at work under Shah Jahan, or Kavindracharya, who taught Dara Sikhoh Sanskrit.

Bernier had been the first to extend the concept of "species of man" to classify racially the entirety of humanity, but he did not establish a cultural hierarchy between the so-called 'races' that he had conceived. When I became weary of explaining to my Agha the latest discoveries of William Harvey and Pequet in anatomy, and to reason with him on the philosophy of Gassendi and Descartes , which I translated into Persian because that is what I did during five or six years it was up to our pandit to argue.

He returned once more to Surat to write a memoir on Indian commerce for the use of Jean-Baptiste Colbert who recently had founded La Compagnie des Indes Orientales. He stayed 14 October — 20 February for around 12 years in India. He also described the character of Shahjahan and aurangzeb from his closest observations. Attached at first and for a short while to the retinue of Dara Shikoh —the history of whose downfall he was to record.

Inherently, his classifications were based on physical and biological differences in human appearance, and thus sought to suggest a scientific basis for human racial variation. Fayard Contributions to scientific racism [ edit ]. His travel account is an important source for historians of Mughal India. At the time that he published his work, it did not cause a splash: he founded no school of thought at the time.

French doctor political philosopher, physician and traveler — He subsequently visited the other extreme of the empire in Bengal. In the same breadth, he mentions with compunction that the general people were very poor and insecure.